In 2006, Xiamen was ranked as China's second-"most suitable city for living", as well as China's "most romantic leisure city" in 2011. The city is well known for its mild climate, Minnan culture and Gulangyu Island, as well as its relatively low pollution. Its former harbor was enclosed using land excavated during the city's expansion, however, the city remains an island connected by bridges to the rest of mainland China. As part of the Opening Up Policy under Deng Xiaoping, Xiamen became one of China's original four special economic zones opened to foreign investment and trade in the early 1980s. The overseas Chinese continue to support Xiamen's educational and cultural institutions. Ever since the 12th century, Xiamen was an important origin for many migrants to Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines. Xiamen Island possessed a natural harbor in Yundang Bay, but Fujian's international trade was largely concentrated to Quanzhou or to Guangzhou in Guangdong. The Kinmen Islands (Quemoy) administered by the Republic of China (Taiwan) which lie less than 6 kilometers (4 mi) away separated by Xiamen Bay. This area also connects with Quanzhou in the north, making up a metropolis of nearly ten million people. The urbanized area of the city has spread from its original island to include most parts of all six of its districts, and with 4 Zhangzhou districts ( Xiangcheng, Longwen, Longhai and Changtai), form a built-up area of 7,284,148 inhabitants. All together, these cover an area of 1,700.61 square kilometers (656.61 sq mi) with a population of 5,163,970 as of 2020 and estimated at 5.28 million as of 31 December 2021. It is divided into six districts: Huli, Siming, Jimei, Tong'an, Haicang, and Xiang'an. Xiamen ( UK: / ʃ( j) ɑː ˈ m ɛ n/ sh(y)ah- MEN, US: /- ˈ m ʌ n/ - MUN simplified Chinese: 厦门 traditional Chinese: 廈門 pinyin: Xiàmén), also known as Amoy ( / ə ˈ m ɔɪ/, from Hokkien pronunciation Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ēe-muî / Ē-mn̂g Taiwanese pronunciation: ), is a sub-provincial city in southeastern Fujian, People's Republic of China, beside the Taiwan Strait. "Xiamen" in Simplified (top) and Traditional (bottom) Chinese characters
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